Mastering English Vocabulary Requires Some Learning Strategies (Memory and Meta-cognitive Strategies)

Name: Mirnawati

NIM: F42111035

Vocabulary is so important to be learned by English learner to learn writing, listening, speaking and reading. Like David Wilkins as a Prussian orientalist states that without grammar, very little can be conveyed, and without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed. Although some teachers may think that vocabulary learning is easy, learning new vocabulary items has always been challenging for the learners. However, with the development of many countries, some researchers require some learning strategies for mastering English vocabulary.

Based on Oxford (1990), language learning strategies are specific actions taken by learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferrable to new situation. Oxford (1990) has proposed more comprehensive model of learning strategies in which six categories, classified into two groups of direct strategies and direct strategies.  In this essay, Memory (direct strategies) and Meta-cognitive (indirect strategies) has been selected for mastering English vocabulary.

Memory strategies help learners to store vocabulary and then retrieve it when needed for communication (Oxford, 1990). Memory strategies have divided into four strategies, which creating mental linkages, applying images and sounds, reviewing well and employing action. For example, using creating mental linkages, learner can try to grouping some of verbs, adjectives or adverbs. Learner also can use applying images and sounds, for example using imagery like the sound of snake and so on.

Metacognitive strategies help learners to involve planning, thinking about the learning process as it is taking place, and monitoring, and evaluating one’s progress (Oxford, 1990). Metacognitive strategies have divided into three strategies, which centering learning, examining and monitoring, learning and evaluating learning. Besides that, by examining and monitoring of learning strategies, students have more chances of success in meeting their learning goals (Anderson, 2002a). For example, when reading, student can use context to guess meaning of some unknown vocabulary items. To monitor their use of this strategy, they should pause and check dictionary to see if meaning they guessed makes sense in the text. If not, student can go back and modify or change their strategy.

Furthermore, learning strategies can help students to develop their ability in learning. Task of language teacher is to help students become understand about what they learned. Some learning strategies above can be done to develop students mental processing of language and help student to be more enjoy in English vocabulary mastery since those strategies will make class enjoy and dealing successfully with a language vocabulary.

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Purple: Thesis statement

Green: Transition Signals

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Symbol of Feeling in Writing

Name: Mirnawati
NIM   : F42111035

Writing is one of the ways to communicate that represents language through the inscription of sign and symbol. Some people choose to write what they think and feel than say directly, because they cannot say all of they feels and dirty mind to other speaker. "I always start writing with a clean piece of paper and a dirty mind," Patrick Dennis. Some people write what they feel into diary, based on their experience and all they think. "Start by writing dowmn the things that you should know. Write about the experience and you feel yourself," J.K. Rowling. Therefore, the words in a writing have symbol of writer feels.

The author has a purpose in any posts made, such as, to tell a story, give direction, even convey what he felt. " Writing is an activity the delivery of messages ( communication ) with the use of written language as a tool or medium," (St. Y. Slamet ( 2008:104 ) ). For that, sometimes the author lists some words that became a symbol of the feeling of the author. For example, a poem entitled "Diujung kata-kata" by Mayank Ponimiring. Where the poem expressed broken heart and despair through the words "sepi yang mengurung," "nelangsa," "bersimbah angan" and others. There was also the poem by Sapardi Djoko Damono titled "Mata Pisau," which suggests that the author would like to express a betrayal by the stanza "ia tajam untuk mengiris apel," then "ia berkilat ketika terbayang olehnya urat nadimu," which explains that the knife has positive and negative side.

In conclusion, a post that would be worth if it had an impression that is understandable by the reader. Feelings expressed through writing will direct the reader to understand the author's intent with words that have been presented as a symbol of the author in writing.

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The Progress of My English Mastery

Name: Mirnawati
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The Progress of My English Mastery

Language is so important for me as human to communicate. This is the reason why I love to learn English. Unfortunately, learn English is not easy like I thought. I realize that when I look at back for the first I learn English, exactly when I was at Junior High School. My vocabulary and grammar was too bad, so my teacher always sighing when I wrote in English. But, until I was at Senior High, I stayed sure that I can be good in English because I believed that I should learn from my mistakes to be better in the future. Just optimism and trust myself that I can, like Helen Keller said that optimism and the faith that leads to achievement. Nothing can be done without hope and confidence. I pride for myself when my teacher said that my pronunciation is good. Since that time, I had watched some movie and hold the dictionary in my hand. That was a good behavior that made me knew many vocabulary and how to say for each vocabulary. Now, I still learn how to speak well and read more English vocabulary for my English mastery.

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The Danger of Household Robot as Communicative Robot Program

Mirnawati
F42111035

Life is not always easy. Almost everyday, many manipulation of communicative technology that propose to individualism appear. PC, Hand Phone, and other communication tools. In one side, it seemed more scrape interaction of human socialization. But, in other side that should be avoid is the usage of Communicative Robot Program that have potential to increase criminal act, like Household robot.

Household Robot is kind of communicative robot which is operated by Wireless Access Point. So, every host have username and password to control robot. It allows a hacker to hack and control someone else's robot remotely. Hackers could rule the robot to take some host's properties that can be done by Household Robot. It shows that Household Robots be able to do criminal action when a criminal offender can communicate with robot through program that robots have.



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Women Are Superior

Mirnawati (F42111035)

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ESSAY OUTLINE

I.      Women are superior to men in two ways
II.     Women are better than men in communication and emotion.
         A. Women can develop her ability in language
              1. They are like to share their feeling
              2. Women are more relationship to connect with other women
         B. Women are better at observing emotions
III.    Women are better multitaskers than men
         A. Women are better than men at doing two things at once
              1. A study has found that women are good at multitasking than men
         B.  Women have superior memory and social cognition skill
IV.    Final thought/Repeating thesis statement

 Women Are Superior

God create man in pairs. There are men and there are women. They have many differences in some cases, such as physical and phsycological. Women have a larger stomach, kidneys, liver, and appendix, and smaller lungs than men. (http://drjamesdobsonorg/Solid-Answers/Answers?a=ff773023-2693-410d-b9e1-662f6985be4e ). A woman also has greater constitutional vitality, perhaps because of her unique chromosomal pattern. Normally, she outlives a man by three or four years in the U.S. Females simply have a stronger hold on life than males, even in the uterus. More than 140 male babies are conceived for every 100 females; by the time birth occurs, the ratio is 105 to 100, with the rest of the males dying in spontaneous abortions (http://drjamesdobson.org/Solid-Answers/Answers?a=ff773023-2693-410d-b9e1-662f6985be4e). If we talk about from psychological point of view, a fascinating new study on the brains of 949 young people finds striking gender differences in the brain’s connectivity between males and females. Male brains  show greater connectivity front-to-back, while female brains are more connected across the hemispheres. (http://www.spring.org.uk /2013/12/connectivity-the-difference-between-mens-and-womens-brains.php).  However, most of people say that men are greater than women, but women are superior to man in two ways.

The first, women are better than men in communication and emotion. Women can develope her ability in language to attrack attention to others. They are also like to share their  feeling in order to get the solution or just to feel better. Women are more likely to talk to other women when they have a problem or need to make a decision. Men keep their problems to themselves and don’t see the point in sharing personal issues.Women are more relationship oriented, and look for commonalities and ways to connect with other women. Men tend to relate to other men on a one-up, one-down basis. Status and dominance is important (http: //www.simmalieberman.com/articles/maleandfemale.html). Beside that, women communicate better than men and are probably smarter than men as well. According to Brizendine's research, women can process about 20,000 words a day compared to 7,000 a day for men (although Brizendine herself says that this quote was taken out of context. The real phraseology of that should have been that "...a woman has many more communication events a day -- gestures, words, raising of your eyebrows, that sort of thing). The differences between the male and female brain don't stop there. Women can speak at a speed of 250 words a minute and have 11 percent more neurons in the area of the brain devoted to emotions and memory. Because they have more "mirror neurons" they are also better at observing emotions in others. Women excel at knowing what people are feeling; men have difficulty spotting an emotion unless someone cries or threatens bodily harm.

Second, women are better multitaskers than men. Women always claim they are better than men at doing two things at once - and now scientists have confirmed it. A study led by an Indian-origin scientist has found that women are good at multitasking and men, on the other hand, are better at learning and performing a single task. Ragini Verma, associate professor in the department of radiology at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and colleagues have found that men are better at learning and performing a single task,  like cycling or navigating directions.Whereas, women have superior memory and social cognition skills, making them more equipped for multitasking and group work, said the university press release (http://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-article-display1.asp?xfile=/data/lifestyle/2013/December/lifestyle_December4.xml&section=lifestyle). In addition, Professor Keith Laws, a psychologist at the University of Hertfordshire, who led the research, said: "We have all heard stories that either men can't multitask or that women are exceptionally good at multitasking.”

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TV Spoiled Children’s Moral and Ethic

Name: Mirnawati
NIM : F42111035

(This is made for complete the Essay Writing Assignment that consist of Introductory and Outline of the next paragraph)

Nowadays, most of people are watching the interested television programs . Television is very popular as one of the social media into becoming a variety of information and even entertainment. Unfortunately, many people who do not know or even do not care about the bad influences that are transmitted by the television itself. Moreover, fans of television are more dominated by the children. This is not good for children who are in a period of growth, where the brain works to remember what is seen and heard. If no parental controls that control the television show inappropriate or not watched by children, it will have a negative impact on children’s moral and ethical building.

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